Inzobere mu isesengura ry’amakuru — Ikoranabuhanga mu makuru y’ubuzima

Heritage Alliance Ltd ni ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku buzima n’ubumenyi bw’amakuru gifite icyicaro mu Bubiligi, gikorana n’abafatanyabikorwa muri Afurika no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Abo turi bo

Duhuza abaganga, abahanga mu ibarurishamibare n’impuguke mu makuru kugira ngo basuzume ibibazo by’ubuzima maze bahindure ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ibyemezo abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gukoresha.

Ubumenyi bw'amakuru y'ubuzima n'isesengura rihanitse: isesengura ry'ibarurishamibare, gutunganya amakuru menshi y'ubuzima, gukora moderi zihanura no kwigisha mudasobwa mu buryo buhujwe hagati y'ibigo.

Ubushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi bukomeye, harimo igerageza ry’ubuvuzi na siyansi y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa: Ubufasha mu isesengura ry’inyigo zitegereza, igerageza n’isuzuma ry’itangwa ry’ubuvuzi, hitawe ku miterere y’inyigo, kubogama no kutamenya neza.

Udushya no gukora sisitemu z’ikoranabuhanga mu buzima: Imbaho z’incamake n’uburyo bw’isesengura bihuza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi n’ibikenewe mu buvuzi, muri gahunda no muri politiki.

Ahantu ho gukorera hashingiye ku ntego: Koresha ubumenyi bw’imibare mu gukemura ibibazo bifatika by’ubuzima mu bufatanye bwo muri Afurika no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho: Koresha porogaramu z’ibarurishamibare zigezweho, uburyo bwo kwigisha imashini n’ibikorwa remezo by’amakuru ahujwe atavuye aho abitswe.

Uburambe mpuzamahanga: Gukorana n'ibigo by'ubuvuzi, inzego z'ubuzima rusange n'abafatanyabikorwa mu bushakashatsi.

Amahirwe yo gutera imbere no kuyobora: Tera imbere uva ku isesengura rigenzurwa ugana ku gukora ubushakashatsi wigenga no gutanga ubujyanama bwa tekiniki.

Twakira abakandida bashobora gusobanura impamvu isesengura rikwiye, bakerekana uko ryakozwe kandi bagasobanura aho ibyarivuyemo bigarukira n’imbogamizi zabyo. Imishinga myiza yakozwe mu mashuri makuru ishobora kuba gihamya y’ubushobozi ku myanya y’abagitangira.

Uzakorana n'abashakashatsi b'ubuvuzi, inzobere mu gutunganya amakuru n'amatsinda ya gahunda. Abakozi batangiye bazakora imirimo yagenwe bayobowe mu bya tekiniki; abari hagati mu mwuga bazashinzwe ibikorwa by'isesengura kandi basuzume ibyo abandi bakoze.

• Gutegura isesengura rishobora gusobanurwa no kurengerwa: Hindura ibibazo by’ubuzima mo ibisubizo bipimwa, ibisobanuro by’amatsinda n’ingamba z’isesengura zanditse; tandukanya intego zo gusobanura, guhanura no kumenya impamvu.
• Gutegura ibyegeranyo by'amakuru y'ubuzima bigoye: Gusukura no gusesengura dosiye z'ubuvuzi zikurikirana umuntu mu gihe kirekire, ibitabo by'iyandikwa n'amakuru ya laboratwari, ubushakashatsi na gahunda; gusuzuma amakuru abura, ibipimo bidahuye, inyandiko zisubiramo n'ibogama mu gutoranya.
• Koresha ibarurishamibare ry'ubuzima rinoze: koresha uburyo bukwiye bwa regresiyo, isesengura ryo kubaho, irikurikirana igihe cyangwa iry'inzego nyinshi; suzuma ibyashingirwaho, upime urwego rw'ukutamenya neza kandi ukore isesengura ry'uko ihinduka ry'ibishingirwaho rigira ingaruka ku bisubizo.
• Gukorera ku rugero runini: Kwandika uburyo bunoze bwa SQL na R cyangwa Python ku byegeranyo by'amakuru arenze ubushobozi busanzwe bwa mudasobwa yo ku meza; gukoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya amakuru kuri sisitemu nyinshi igihe ingano y'amakuru n'ibikorwaremezo bibisaba.
• Tegura kandi ugenzure moderi zo kwigira kwa mudasobwa: kubaka inzira z'amahugurwa zisubirwamo zigatanga ibisubizo bimwe; irinde kwivanga kw'amakuru hagati y'abarwayi, ibihe n'ibigo; suzuma ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya, guhuza ibiteganywa n'ibibaho, imikorere mu matsinda mato n'uko ibisubizo byakwizerwa ahandi.
• Gushyira mu bikorwa kwiga kw’imashini zifatanije: Kubaka no gusuzuma moderi ku bafite amakuru bitabira utayakusanyije hamwe ku rwego rw’umurwayi; gukemura itandukaniro ry’ahakorerwa, ubusumbane bw’ibyiciro, kwemeza buri hantu n’uburyo bwo guteranya ibisubizo.
• Suzuma imbogamizi z’ibanga no gushyira sisitemu mu kazi: Korana na bagenzi bawe mu bwubatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga no mu miyoborere ku ikorwa rigenzurwa no gusuzuma ibizatangazwa; menya ko kugumisha amakuru y’ibanze aho yakusanyirijwe ubwabyo bidakuraho ingaruka ku ibanga.
• Kora amashusho y’amakuru afite akamaro: Kora imbaho z’incamake na raporo bigaragaza neza imibare igabanywaho, ibisobanuro, amatariki yo kuvugurura n’ibitagenewe neza, ukoresheje ibikoresho bikwiye nka Power BI, Shiny, Dash cyangwa Superset.
• Gutuma isesengura rishobora gusubirwamo: Kubungabunga kode ifite igenzura rya verisiyo, imikorere ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, ibisobanuro by'aho sisitemu ikorera n'inyandiko; kugira uruhare muri raporo za tekiniki, inyandiko zigenewe gutangazwa n'amahugurwa y'abafatanyabikorwa.

Ingendo no gukorera aho ibikorwa bibera: Inama z’abafatanyabikorwa no gusura rimwe na rimwe hagamijwe amahugurwa cyangwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa, hakurikijwe ibikenewe by’umushinga.

Iby'Ingenzi

• Impamyabumenyi mu ibarurishamibare ry’ubuzima, ibarurishamibare, imibare, siyansi y’amakuru, epidemiologiya, ikoranabuhanga mu makuru y’ubuzima cyangwa indi nyigisho bifitanye isano irimo amahugurwa yimbitse mu isesengura ry’imibare. Impamyabumenyi ya master ijyanye n’akazi irifuzwa.
• Ubumenyi shingiro bukomeye mu mibare y'amahirwe, imyanzuro y'ibarurishamibare, alijebura y'imirongo no gusuzuma ibyitegererezo; ubushobozi bwo gusobanura ibishingirwaho n'imbogamizi z'isesengura.
• Ubuhanga ngiro muri SQL no muri R cyangwa Python, n'ubushobozi bwo kubaka uburyo bwo gukora busubirwamo bugatanga ibisubizo bimwe no gukorana n'amatsinda y'amakuru menshi cyangwa akomeye.
• Gusobanukirwa neza kwigira kwa mudasobwa n'uburyo bwo kuzigisha buhujwe, bigaragazwa n'ibikorwa byakozwe. Kumenyera urwego rwa porogaramu nka Flower cyangwa kugira uburambe bungana na bwo mu gukora moderi zikorera kuri mudasobwa nyinshi.
• Ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma amakuru y’ubuzima mu buryo bwimbitse no kugeza ibyavuyemo ku bafite ubumenyi bwa tekiniki no ku bakozi b’ubuvuzi.
• Kuvuga Icyongereza neza, kumenya Igifaransa neza no gukorana neza n'abandi mu nzego n'ahantu hatandukanye.

Ibitegerejwe hakurikijwe urwego rw'umwanya

• Umwanya w’utangiza umwuga: Ibimenyetso bituruka mu gitabo cy’ubushakashatsi, kwimenyereza umwuga cyangwa ibikorwa bifatika byerekana isesengura ry’ibarurishamibare, kode ishobora gusubirwamo, ikibaho cy’amakuru na moderi y’igerageza y’imashini yiga irimo igice kigaragara cyo kwiga zifatanije. Kuyobora wigenga sisitemu ikoreshwa ntibisabwa.
• Umwanya wo ku rwego rw’ubunararibonye ruringaniye: Kwerekana ko wakoze wigenga isesengura ry’amakuru y’ubuzima, wakoresheje amakuru menshi, wemeje moderi kandi wahuje isesengura n’abafatanyabikorwa benshi; hitezwe kuba warashyize mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kubaka moderi zifatanije.

Byifuzwa

• Uburambe muri Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM), mu bikoresho n'abafatanyabikorwa ba Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), cyangwa ku mbuga zo gukorera ku makuru abitswe ahantu hatandukanye nka Vantage6.
• Uburambe mu kumenya isano y'impamvu n'ingaruka, mu gukora moderi z'ikwirakwira ry'indwara, mu kubara hakoreshejwe mudasobwa nyinshi, mu buryo bwongera kurinda ibanga cyangwa mu bushakashatsi bw'ubuzima mu bihugu bya Afurika.

Umushahara: Uganirwaho hakurikijwe ubunararibonye, inshingano, aho ukorera n’amasezerano.

Iterambere mu mwuga: Gahunda iteguye yo guteza imbere ubumenyi mu ibarurishamibare ry’ibinyabuzima, isesengura rishobora gusubirwamo rigatanga ibisubizo bimwe no kwigisha imashini hakoreshejwe amakuru aguma mu bigo bitandukanye, hamwe n’ubugenzuzi bujyanye n’urwego rw’umwanya.

Aho gukorera: Ubufatanye mu nzego zitandukanye, kugera ku bikoresho bya tekiniki bikenewe n’amahirwe yo kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga ku buzima. Inyungu n’uburyo bwo gukora bizasobanurwa mu nyandiko iguha akazi.

Abagore barashishikarizwa gusaba.